Research Projects

High Strength, High Modulus Carbon Fibers

  • H. G. Chae, B. A. Newcomb, P. V. Gulgunje, Y. Liu, K. Gupta, M. G. Kamath, K. M. Lyons, S. Ghoshal, C. Pramanik, L. A. Giannuzzi, K. Sahin, I. Chasiotis, S. Kumar, “High strength and high modulus carbon fibers”, Carbon, 93, 81-87 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.016.

Nano-Tailored Advanced Carbon Fibers

  • http://acfrc.gatech.edu/brochure.html.
  • K. Sahin, N. A. Fasanella, I. Chasiotis, K. M. Lyons, B. A. Newcomb, M. G. Kamath, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “High Strength Micron Size Carbon Fibers from PAN-CNT Precursors”, Carbon, 77, p. 442 – 453 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.05.049.
  • B. A. Newcomb, P. V. Gulgunje, K. Gupta, M. G. Kamath, Y. Liu, L. A. Giannuzzi, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “Processing, structure, and properties of gel spun PAN and PAN/CNT fibers and gel spun PAN based carbon fibers”, Polymer Engineering and Science, 2015. DOI 10.1002/pen.24153.
  • B. A. Newcomb, L. A. Giannuzzi, K. M. Lyons, P. V. Gulgunje, K. Gupta, Y. Liu, M. G. Kamath, K. McDonald, J. Moon, B. Feng, G. P. Peterson, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “High resolution transmission electron microscopy study on polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube based carbon fibers and the effect of structure development on the thermal and electrical conductivities”, Carbon, 93, 502-514 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.05.037.

Low Density Hollow Carbon Fibers

  • P. V. Gulgunje, B. A. Newcomb, K. Gupta, H. G. Chae, T. Tsotsis, S. Kumar, “Low density and high-modulus carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile with honeycomb structure”, Carbon,95, 710-714 (2015). DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.097.
  • Y. Liu, H. G. Chae, Y. H. Choi, S. Kumar, “Preparation of low density hollow carbon fibers by bi-component gel spinning method”, J. Mater Sci.,50, 3614 - 3621 (2015). DOI: 10.1007/s10853-015-8922-3.

Fibers from Renewable Materials

  • H. Clive Liu, A. T. Chien, B. A. Newcomb, Y. Liu, S. Kumar, “Processing, structure and properties of lignin and CNT incorporated PAN based carbon fibers”, ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00562.
  • H. Chang, A. T. Chien, H. C. Liu, P. H. Wang, B. A. Newcomb, and S. Kumar, “Gel Spinning of Polyacrylonitrile/Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Fibers”, ACS Biomaterials Science and Engineering, (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00161.

Joule Heating

  • A. T. Chien, S. Cho, Y. Joshi, S. Kumar, “Electrical Conductivity and Joule Heating of Polyacrylonitrile/Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers”, Polymer, 55, p. 6896 – 6905 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.064.

Magnetic Fibers

  • A. T. Chien, B. A. Newcomb, D. Sabo, J. Robbins, Z. J. Zhang, S. Kumar, “High Strength Super Paramagnetic Composite Fibers”. Polymer, 55, p. 4116 – 4124 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.028.

Polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composites

  • T. V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, B. G. Min, H. Guo, S. Kumar, R. H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley, “SWNT/PAN Composite Fibers,” Advanced Materials, 16, 58-61 (2004).
  • H. Guo, T. V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, M. Minus, and S. Kumar, “Structure and properties of polyacrylonitrile/ single wall carbon nanotube composite films”, Polymer, 46 (9), 3001-3005 (2005).
  • H. G. Chae, T.V. Sreekumar, T. Uchida, and S. Kumar, “A comparison of reinforcement efficiency of various types of carbon nanotubes in polyacrylonitrile fiber”, Polymer, 46, 10925-10935 (2005).
  • H. G. Chae, M. L. Minus, and S. Kumar, “Oriented and Exfoliated Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes in Polyacrylonitrile”, Polymer, 47, 3494 – 3504 (2006).
  • H. G. Chae, M. L. Minus, A. Rasheed, and S. Kumar, “Stabilization and Carbonization of Gel Spun Polyacrylonitrile/Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers”, Polymer, 48, 3781-3789 (2007).
  • H. Guo, A. Rasheed, and S. Kumar, “Polyacrylonitrile/Vapor Grown Carbon Nano Fiber Composite Films”, J. Mater. Sci.,43, 4363 - 4369 (2008).
  • W. Wang, N.S. Murthy, H. G. Chae, and S. Kumar, “Structural changes during deformation in carbon nanotube reinforced polyacrylonitrile fibers”, Polymer, 49, 2133-2145 (2008).
  • H. G. Chae, Y. H. Choi, M. L. Minus, and S. Kumar, “Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Small Diameter Polyacrylonitrile Based Carbon Fiber”, Composites Science and Technology, 69, 406-413 (2009).
  • W. Wang, N. S. Murthy, H. G. Chae, and S. Kumar “Small-angle x-ray scattering investigation of carbon nanotube reinforced polyacrylonitrile fibers during deformation”, Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 47, 2394 - 2409 (2009).
  • Huina Guo, Marilyn L. Minus, Sudhakar Jagannathan, and Satish Kumar, “Polyacrylonitrile/Carbon Nanotubes Composite Films”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2, 1331-1342 (2010).
  • R. Jain, M. L. Minus, S. Kumar, “Processing, Structure, and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWNT) Composite Fibers", Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 295, 742-749 (2010).
  • Y. Liu, H. G. Chae, and S. Kumar, “Gel spun carbon nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile composite fibers: Part I – Effect of carbon nanotube on stabilization”, Carbon, 49, 4466-4476 (2011). Doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.043.
  • Y. Liu, H. G. Chae, and S. Kumar, “Gel spun carbon nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile composite fibers: Part II – Stabilization reaction kinetics and effect of gas environment ”, Carbon, 49, 4477- 4486 (2011). Doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.042.
  • Y. Liu, H. G. Chae, and S. Kumar, “Gel spun carbon nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile composite fibers: Part III – Effect of stabilization conditions on the resulting carbon fiber”, Carbon, 49, 4487-4496 (2011). Doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.06.045.
  • Z.Xiao, M. Gupta, G. Baltas, T. Liu, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “Probe Diffusion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Semidilute Solutions of Polyacrylonitrile Homo- and Copolymers: Effect of Topological Constraints and Polymer/Nanorod Interactions”, Polymer, 53, 5069-5077 (2012). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.006.
  • X. Yan, H. Dong, Z. Xiao, T. Liu, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “Effect of high-shear mixing by twin-screw extruder on the dispersion and homogeneity of polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composite solution”, Polymer Composites, (2015). DOI:10.1002/pc.23631.
  • B. A. Newcomb, P. V. Gulgunje, K. Gupta, M. G. Kamath, Y. Liu, L. A. Giannuzzi, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “Processing, structure, and properties of gel spun PAN and PAN/CNT fibers and gel spun PAN based carbon fibers”, Polymer Engineering and Science, 2015. DOI 10.1002/pen.24153.
  • B. Newcomb, P. Gulgunje, K. Gupta, Y. Liu, H. G. Chae, D. E. Tsentalovich, M. Pasquali, S. Kumar, “Stress Transfer in Polyacrylonitrile/Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers”, Polymer, 55, 2734 - 2743 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.008.

Carbon nanotube based electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes

  • T. Liu, T. V. Sreekumar, S. Kumar, R. H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley, “SWNT/PAN Composite Film-based Supercapacitor,” Carbon, 41, 2440-2442 (2003).
  • C. Zhou, S. Kumar, C. D. Doyle, J. M. Tour, “Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes Treated with Pyrrole for Electrochemical Supercapacitor Membranes”, Chemistry of Materials, 17, 1997-2002 (2005).
  • C. Zhou, T. Liu, T. Wang, S. Kumar, “SWNT/PAN/SAN ternary composite: Pore Size Control and Electrochemical Supercapacitor Behavior”, Polymer, 47, 5831-5837 (2006).
  • S. Jagannathan, H. G. Chae, R. Jain, S. Kumar, “Structure and electrochemical properties of activated PAN/CNT based carbon fibers”, J. Power Sources, 185, 676-684 (2008).
  • S. Jagannathan, T, Liu, S. Kumar, “Pore size control and electrochemical capacitor behavior of chemically activated polyacrylonitrile - carbon nanotube composite films”, Composites Science and Technology, 70, 593-598 (2010).

Carbon Nanotube Fibers and Films/ Bucky paper

  • T. V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, S. Kumar, L. M. Ericson, R. H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley, Single Wall Carbon Nano Tube Films, Chemistry of Materials, 15, 175 - 178 (2003).
    T. Liu and S. Kumar, “Effect of Orientation on the Modulus of SWNT Films and Fibers,” Nano Letters, 3, 647 - 650 (2003).
  • W. Zhou, K. I. Winey, J. E. Fischer, T. V. Sreekumar, S. Kumar, and H. Kataura, “Out-of-plane preferred orientation of single wall carbon nanotube films”, App. Phys. Lett., 84, 2172-2174 (2004).
  • X. Zhang, T. V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, S. Kumar, “Properties and Structure of Nitric Acid Oxidized Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Films, J. Phys. Chem., B., 108, 16435-16440 (2004).
  • S. Bellayer, J. W. Gilman, S. S. Rahatekar, S. Bourbigot, X. Flambard, L. M. Hanssen, H. Guo, and S. Kumar, “Characterization of SWCNT and PAN/SWCNT films”, Carbon 45, 1114-1116 (2007).
  • S. Zhang, L. Zhu, M. L. Minus, H. G. Chae, S. Jagannathan, C. P. Wong, J. Kowalik, L. B. Roberson, and S. Kumar, “Solid-State Spun Fibers and Yarns from 1mm Long Carbon Nanotube Forests Synthesized by Water-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition”, J. Mater. Sci.,43, 4356-4362 (2008).
  • I. Y. Jeon, J. I. Choi, S. G. Lee, H. G. Chae, S. S. Jang, S. Kumar, and J. B. Baek, “Sponge Behavior of Functionalized Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes”, J. Physical Chemistry, C, 114, 14868 – 14875 (2010).
  • N. A. Kumar, I.Y. Jeon, G. J. Sohn, R. Jain, S. Kumar, and J. B. Baek, “Highly Conducting and Flexible Few- Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film”, ACS Nano, 5, 2324-2331 (2011).
  • S. Basu-Dutt, M. L. Minus, R. Jain, D. Nepal, S. Kumar, “Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes for Everyone”, J. Chemical Education, 89, 221-229 (2012). Doi:10.1021/ed1005163.
  • A. A. B. Davijani and S. Kumar, “Ordered wrapping of poly (methyl methacrylate) on single wall carbon nanotubes, Polymer,70, 278-281 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.018.

Polymer crystallization nucleated by carbon nanotubes

  • A. R. Bhattacharyya, T. V. Sreekumar, Tao Liu, S. Kumar, L. M. Ericson, R. H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley, “Crystallization behavior of polypropylene / single wall carbon nano tube composites,” Polymer, 44, 2373 - 2377 (2003).
  • M. L. Minus, S. Kumar, “Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Templated Oriented Crystallization of Poly (vinyl alcohol), Polymer, 47, 3705 – 3710 (2006).
  • S. Zhang, M. L. Minus, S. Kumar, L. Zhu, C. P. Wong, “Polymer Transcrystallinity Induced by Carbon Nanotubes”, Polymer, 49, 1356-1364 (2008).
  • M. L. Minus, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, Interfacial Crystallization in Gel Spun Poly (vinyl alcohol) /Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers”, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 210, 1799 – 1808 (2009).
  • M. L. Minus, H. G. Chae, and S. Kumar, "Observations on Solution Crystallization of Poly(vinyl alcohol) in the Presence of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube" Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 31, 310-316 (2010).
  • S. Zhang, W. Lin, C. P. Wong, D. G. Bucknall, S. Kumar, “Nanocomposites of Carbon Nanotube Fibers Prepared by Polymer Crystallization”, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2, 1642-1647 (2010).
  • M. L. Minus, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “Polyethylene Crystallization Nucleated by Carbon Nanotubes under Shear” ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces.4, 326-330 (2012). Doi: 10.1021/am2013757.

Bi-component fibers

  • An-Ting Chien, Prabhakar V. Gulgunje, Han Gi Chae, Aniruddha Joshi, Jaeyun Moon, Bo Feng, G. P. Peterson, and Satish Kumar, “Functional Polyacrylonitrile-Polyacrylonitrile/Carbon Nanotube Bi-component Fibers”, SAMPE Technical Conference Proceedings, Charleston SC, October 22-25, 2012.
  • A.T. Chien, P. V. Gulgunje, H. G. Chae, J. Moon, B. Feng, G. P. Peterson, and S. Kumar, “Functional Polymer – Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Bi-component Fibers” . (a) New Frontiers in Fiber Materials Science, Francis Charleston, S.C., October 11-13, 2011. (b) Carbon Nano Materials and Applications Workshop, Rapid City, SD. October 30-November 1, 2011.
  • H. G. Chae, Y. H. Choi, M. L. Minus, and S. Kumar, “Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Small Diameter Polyacrylonitrile Based Carbon Fiber”, Composites Science and Technology, 69, 406-413 (2009).
  • Y. Zhang, S. Ghasemzadeh, A. M. Kotliar, S. Kumar, S. Presnell, and L. D. Williams, “Fibers from soybean protein and poly (vinyl alcohol), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, 11-19 (1999).

Thermally conducting materials

  • J. Moon, K. Weaver, B. Feng, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, J-B.Baek, G. P. Peterson, “Thermal Conductivity Measurement of Individual Poly(ether ketone)/Carbon Nanotube Fibers Using a Steady-State dc Thermal Bridge Method”, Review of Scientific Instruments, 83, 016103 (2012). Doi: 10.1063/1.3676650.
  • Y. Zhang, S. Ghasemzadeh, A. M. Kotliar, S. Kumar, S. Presnell, and L. D.
  • Williams, “Fibers from soybean protein and poly (vinyl alcohol), J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, 11-19 (1999).
  • X. Zhang, B. G. Min, and S. Kumar, “Solution Spinning and Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Soybean Protein Blend Fibers,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90, 716-721 (2003).
  • S. S. Rahatekar, A. Rasheed, R. Jain, M. Zammarano, K. K. Koziol, A. H. Windle, J. W. Gilman, S. Kumar, “Solution Spinning of Cellulose Carbon Nanotube Composites using Room Temperature Ionic Liquids”, 50, Polymer, 4577-4583 (2009).
  • D. Nepal, M. L. Minus, and S. Kumar, "Lysozyme Coated DNA and DNA/SWNT Fibers by Solution Spinning", Macromolecular Bioscience, 11, 875-881 (2011). DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000490.

Nano composites - miscellaneous

  • T. Liu and S. Kumar, “Quantitative Characterization of SWNT Orientation by Polarized Raman Spectroscopy,” Chemical Physics Letters, 378 (3-4), 257-262 (2003).
  • X. Zhang, T. Liu, T. V. Sreekumar, S. Kumar, V. C. Moore, R. H. Hauge, and R. E. Smalley, “Poly(vinyl alcohol)/SWNT Composite Film,” Nano Letters, 3, 1285-1288 (2003).
  • X. Zhang, T. V. Sreekumar, T. Liu, S. Kumar, “Gel spinning of PVA/SWNT composite fiber”, Polymer, 45 (26), 8801-8807 (2004).
  • J. Liu, T. Liu, S. Kumar, “Effect of Solvent Solubility Parameter on SWNT dispersion in PMMA”, Polymer, 46, 3419-3424 (2005).
  • J. Zeng, C. Bennett, W. L. Jarrett, S. Iyer, S. Kumar, L. J. Mathias, and D. A. Schiraldi, “ The Structural Changes of Trisilanol Isooctyl Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (T-POSS) During Heat Treatment at Polymer Melt Processing Temperatures”, Composite Interfaces, 11, 673-683 (2005).
  • T. Uchida, S. Kumar, “Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Dispersion and Exfoliation in Polymers”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 98 (3), 985-989 (2005).
  • J. Zeng, S. Kumar, S.Iyer, D. A. Schiraldi, R. I. Gonzalez, “Reinforcement of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)” High Performance Polymers, 17 (3), 403-424 (2005).
  • G. W. Lee and S. Kumar, “Dispersion of nitric acid treated SWNTs in organic solvents and solvent mixtures”, J. Physical Chemistry, B, 109 (36), 17128-17133 (2005).
  • T. Uchida, D. P. Anderson, M. Minus, S. Kumar, “Morphology and Modulus of Carbon Nano Fibers”, J. Mater. Sci., 41, 5851 - 5856 (2006).
  • A. Rasheed, H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, M. D. Dadmun, “Polymer Nanotube Nanocomposites: Correlating Intermolecular Interaction to Ultimate Properties”, Polymer, 47, 4734-4741 (2006).
  • S. Zhang and S. Kumar, “Shaping Polymer Particles by Carbon Nanotubes”, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 29, 557-561 (2008).
  • S. Zhang and S. Kumar, “Carbon Nanotubes as Liquid Crystals”, Small, 4 (9), 1270-1283 (2008).
  • G-W Lee, S. Jagannathan, H. G. Chae, M. L. Minus, S. Kumar, “Carbon Nanotube Dispersion and exfoliation in Polypropylene and Structure and Properties of the Resulting Composites”, Polymer, 49, 1831-1840 (2008).
  • J. Liu, A. Rasheed, Marilyn L. Minus, and S. Kumar, “Processing and Properties of Carbon Nanotubes/Poly (methyl methacrylate) Composite Films”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 112(1), 142 – 156 (2009).
  • S. Zhang, L. Zhu, C. P. Wong, and S. Kumar, "Polymer-infiltrated Aligned Carbon Nanotube Fibers by in-situ Polymerization, " Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 30, 1936-1939 (2009).
  • R. Jain, Y. H. Choi, Y. Liu, M. L. Minus, H. G. Chae, J.-B. Baek, and S. Kumar, “Processing, structure and properties of poly(ether ketone) grafted few wall carbon nanotube composite fibers.” Polymer, 51, 3940-3947 (2010).
  • E. N. J. Ford, M. L. Minus, T. Liu, J. I. Choi, S. S. Jang, S. Kumar, “Influence of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes on the Preferential Alignment of Molecular Moieties in PVA Fibers”, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics. 213, 617-626 (2012). Doi: 10.1002/macp.201100534.
  • P. B. Tambe, A. R. Bhattacharyya, S. S. Kamath, A. R. Kulkarni, T. V. Sreekumar, A. Srivastava, K. U. B. Rao, Y. D. Liu, S. Kumar, “Structure-property relationship studies in amine functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes filled polypropylene composite fiber”, Polym. Engr. and Sci., 52, 1183-1194 (2012). DOI: 10.1002/pen.22186.

Rigid-rod polymeric fibers

  • S. Jenkins, K. I. Jacob, and S. Kumar, “On the effects of hydrogen bonding in rigid-rod polymers”, J. Polym. Sci. (Phys ed.), 38, 3053 - 3061 (2000).
  • S. Jenkins, K. I. Jacob, M. B. Polk, S. Kumar, T. D. Dang , and F. E. Arnold, “ Reaction-induced strain in rigid-rod polymeric fibers”, Macromolecules, 33, 9060 - 9068 (2000).
  • S. Jenkins, K. I. Jacob, M. B. Polk, S. Kumar, T. D. Dang, and F. E. Arnold, “Structure, morphology, and properties of methyl pendant PBI and PBZT”, Macromolecules, 33, 8731- 8738 (2000).
  • S. Kumar, T. D. Dang, F. E. Arnold, A. R. Bhattacharyya, B. G. Min, X. Zhang, R. A. Vaia, C. Park, W. W. Adams, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley, S. Ramesh, and P. A. Willis, “Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of PBO/SWNT Composites,” Macromolecules, 35, 9039-9043 (2002).
  • X. Hu, S. Jenkins, B. G. Min, M. B. Polk, and S. Kumar, “Rigid-rod Polymers: Synthesis, Processing, Simulation, Structure, and Properties,” Macromol. Mater. Engr., 288, 823-843 (2003).
  • T. Uchida, T. D. Dang, B. G. Min, X. Zhang, S. Kumar, “Processing, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of PBZT/carbon nano fiber Composite Fiber”, Composites (Part B). 36, 183-187 (2005).
  • H. G. Chae, S. Kumar, “Rigid-rod polymeric fibers”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 100, 791-802 (2006).
  • H. G. Chae and S. Kumar, “Making Strong Fibers”, Science, 319, 908-909 (2008).

Fibers for Biomedical Applications

  • Y-T. Kim, V. K. Haftel, S. Kumar, R. V. Bellamkonda, "Aligned polymer fiber-based constructs enable bridging of long peripheral nerve gaps", Biomaterials, 29, 3117-3127 (2008).
  • C Pramanik, T. Wang, S. Ghoshal, L. Niu, B. A. Newcomb, Y. Liu, C. M. Primus, H. Feng, D. H. Pashley, S. Kumar, F. R. Tay, “Microfibrous borate bioactive glass dressing sequesters bone-bound bisphosphonate in the presence of simulated body fluid”, J. Mater. Chem. B., 3, 959 – 963 (2015). DOI: 10.1039/C4TB02035a.

Graphene Fibers

  • C. Xiang, N. Behabtu, Y. Liu, H. G. Chae, C. C. Young, B. Genorio, D. E. Tsentalovich, C. Zhang, D. V. Kosynkin, J. R. Lomeda, S. Kumar, M. Pasquali, J. M. Tour, “Graphene Nanoribbons as an Advanced Material for Making Carbon Fiber. ACS Nano,7(2), 1628-1637 (2013). DOI: 10.1021/nn305506s.
  • A. T. Chien, H. C. Liu, B. A. Newcomb, C. Xiang, J. M. Tour, S. Kumar, “PAN fibers containing graphene oxide nanoribbons”, ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 7, 5281 - 5288 (2015). DOI:10.1021/am508594p.

Electrospinning

  • J. Liu and S. Kumar, “Microscopic polymer cups by electrospinning”, Polymer, 46, 3211-3214 (2005).
  • J. Liu, T. Wang, T. Uchida, and S. Kumar, “SWNT core – polymer shell nano fiber”. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 96 (5), 1992-1995 (2005).
  • T. Wang, S. Kumar, “Electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile nano fibers”. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, p. 1023 - 1029 (2006).
  • P. Dayal, J. Liu, S. Kumar, and T. Kyu, “Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Porous Structure Formation in Electrospun Fibers”, Macromolecules, 40, 7689-7694 (2007).
  • J. Liu, A. Rasheed, H. Dong, W. W. Carr, M. Dadmun, and S. Kumar, “Electrospun Micro and Nano-structured Polymer Particles”, Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 209, 2390 - 2398 (2008).